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HMS ''Alliance'' is a Royal Navy A-class, ''Amphion''-class or ''Acheron''-class submarine, laid down towards the end of the Second World War and completed in 1947. The submarine is the only surviving example of the class, having been a memorial and museum ship since 1981. The ''Amphion''-class submarines were designed for use in the Far East, where the size of the Pacific Ocean made long range, high surface speed and relative comfort for the crew important features to allow for much larger patrol areas and longer periods at sea than British submarines operating in the Atlantic or Mediterranean had to contend with. ''Alliance'' was one of the seven A-class boats completed with a snort mast - the other boats all had masts fitted by 1949. ==History== From 9 October 1947 until 8 November the submarine undertook a lengthy experimental cruise in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa to investigate the limits of the snort mast, remaining submerged for 30 days. Between 1958 and 1960 ''Alliance'' was extensively modernised by having the deck gun and external torpedo tubes removed, the hull streamlined and the fin replaced with a larger (26 feet 6 inch high), more streamlined one constructed of aluminium. The purpose of these modifications was to make the submarine quieter and faster underwater. Following the modifications the wireless transmitting aerial was supported on a frame behind the fin; but was later replaced with a whip aerial on the starboard side of the fin which could be rotated hydraulically to a horizontal position. The original gun access hatch was retained however, allowing ''Alliance'' to be equipped with a small calibre deck gun again when serving in the Far East during the Indonesian Confrontation of the earlier 1960s.〔Lambert & Hill ''The Submarine Alliance: Anatomy of the Ship'' London 1986 p.31 bw plate〕 In May 1961 the pennant numbers of British submarines were changed so that all surviving submarines completed after the Second World War were now numbered from S01 upwards, and ''Alliance'' was given the number S67. On 12 January 1968, she grounded on Bembridge Ledge off the Isle of Wight,〔http://www.theheritagetrail.co.uk/maritime/hms_alliance.htm〕 but was subsequently refloated with the help of Admiralty tugs. On or around 30 September 1971 a fatal battery explosion occurred on board, whilst at Portland.〔http://homepage.mac.com/davidtall/wgs/magazines/77-1972.pdf〕〔http://www.worldnavalships.com/directory/shipinfo.php?ShipID=1020〕〔''Sunday Mirror'', 5 May 2002〕 From 1973 until 1979 she was the static training boat at the shore establishment HMS ''Dolphin'', replacing HMS ''Tabard'' in this role. In August 1979, she was towed to Vosper Ship Repairers Limited's yard at Southampton to have her keel strengthened so that she could be lifted out of the water and preserved as a memorial to those British submariners who have died in service. Since 1981 the submarine has been a museum ship, raised out of the water and on display at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport. Although listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, in recent years as many as 100 pigeons had been nesting in the submarine, causing extensive corrosive damage. She also sat on cradles over sea water, adding to problems of corrosion and preventing easy and economical maintenance to her exterior. Urgent repairs were needed and it was announced on 30 May 2011 that HMS ''Alliance'' would share in a £11 million Heritage Lottery Fund grant. ''Alliance'' would receive £3.4 million to repair her bow and stern and address extensive surface corrosion. The restoration included reclaiming land beneath HMS ''Alliance'' using a cofferdam and backfill. This provides easy access for future maintenance and a new viewing platform for visitors, additionally opening up the conning tower and casing. A new HMS ''Alliance'' gallery is also part of the project to help ensure visitors fully appreciate the significance of this submarine and what she represents. Restoration was completed by March 2014, and the submarine was opened to visitors at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in April.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26864472 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Alliance (P417)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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